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🇺🇸 English (Original) 🇪🇸 Spanish (Translation)

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Publisher SAP PRESS

Year / Edition 2022 / 4

Pages 877

Authors Paul Hardy

ABAP to the Future

ABAP to the Future is back—and better than ever! Looking for the latest in ABAP syntax? The code examples are fully refreshed. Need to start working in the cloud with the ABAP RESTful application programming model? Find all the details you need. Got a new IDE like SAP Business Application Studio? We’ll show you the ins and outs of your environment. From abapGit and ABAP2XLSX to SAPUI5 and Web Dynpro ABAP, this new edition has everything you need to be on the cutting edge!

Discover the latest and greatest features in the ABAP universe
Learn about the ABAP RESTful application programming model, core data services, abapGit, SAPUI5, and more
Explore new development environments and test frameworks

You'll learn about:

Coding Best Practices:
Implement test-driven development in all of your coding using test doubles, unit tests, and strategies for breaking up dependencies. See how exception classes and the design by contract concept improve your code.
ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model:
ABAP in the cloud is here to stay, so learn how to use the new paradigm to develop business objects—like CDS entities—and tell those objects to display text, respond to user actions, and more. Create service layers using SAP Gateway and the ABAP RESTful application programming model.
User Interfaces:
Create SAPUI5 applications with SAP Web IDE or SAP Fiori elements, and find out how to develop web-based UIs with Web Dynpro ABAP. Walk through the new SAP Business Application Studio and Visual Studio Code IDEs.

Key Highlights:

ABAP 7.55 and ABAP 2020
ABAP in Eclipse
SAPUI5
ABAP RESTful application programming model
Core data services (CDS)
Test-driven development
Business Object Processing Framework (BOPF)
Service layer with SAP Gateway
SALV
abapGit
ABAP2XLSX
Web Dynpro ABAP

View Full Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
Introduction
- Structure of the Book
  - Chapter 1: Integrated Development Environment
  - Chapter 2: abapGit
  - Chapter 3: New Language Features in ABAP
  - Chapter 4: Exception Classes and Design by Contract
  - Chapter 5: ABAP Unit and Test-Driven Development
  - Chapter 6: Database Programming with SAP HANA
  - Chapter 7: Business Object Processing Framework
  - Chapter 8: Business Logic Using the ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model
  - Chapter 9: Service Layer
  - Chapter 10: ALV SALV Reporting Framework
  - Chapter 11: ABAP2XLSX and Beyond
  - Chapter 12: Web Dynpro ABAP and Floorplan Manager
  - Chapter 13: SAPUI5
  - Chapter 14: ABAP Channels
- The Example Application
  - Baron Frankenstein's Business Model
  - SAP Developments Required to Support the Business Model
1 Integrated Development Environment
- 1.1 Installation
  - 1.1.1 Installing Eclipse
  - 1.1.2 Installing SAP-Specific Add-Ons
  - 1.1.3 Connecting Eclipse to a Backend SAP System
  - 1.1.4 Upgrading Eclipse
- 1.2 ABAP-Specific Features
  - 1.2.1 Initial Tour and Basic Tasks
  - 1.2.2 Working on Multiple Objects at the Same Time
  - 1.2.3 Creating a Method from the Calling Code
  - 1.2.4 Extracting a Method
  - 1.2.5 Refactoring: Moving Methods and Attributes
  - 1.2.6 Deleting Unused Variables
  - 1.2.7 Creating Instance Attributes and Method Parameters
  - 1.2.8 Quick Fixes for Classes
  - 1.2.9 Extracting Conditional Logic
  - 1.2.10 Seeing Message Details
  - 1.2.11 Renaming Repository Objects
  - 1.2.12 Magic Numbers
  - 1.2.13 ABAP 7.5+ Features
- 1.3 Eclipse-Specific Features
  - 1.3.1 Neon (2016)
  - 1.3.2 Oxygen (2017)
  - 1.3.3 Photon (2018)
  - 1.3.4 Eclipse 2020-03
- 1.4 Testing and Troubleshooting
  - 1.4.1 Unit Testing
  - 1.4.2 Debugging
  - 1.4.3 Dynamic Log Points
  - 1.4.4 Runtime Analysis
- 1.5 Customization Options with User-Defined Plug-Ins
  - 1.5.1 Favorites List
  - 1.5.2 Continuous Integration
  - 1.5.3 Code Insight
  - 1.5.4 Custom Quick Fixes
  - 1.5.5 Custom Quick Fixes for ABAP Test Cockpit
- 1.6 The Future of IDEs for ABAP Development
  - 1.6.1 SAP Web IDE
  - 1.6.2 SAP Business Application Studio
  - 1.6.3 Visual Studio Code
- 1.7 Summary
2 abapGit
- 2.1 Theory
- 2.2 Installation
  - 2.2.1 Installing the abapGit Repository in Your SAP System
  - 2.2.2 Keeping Your abapGit Version Up to Date
  - 2.2.3 Watching the abapGit Repository
- 2.3 Storing and Moving Objects
  - 2.3.1 abapGit versus SAPlink
  - 2.3.2 Using Online Repositories
  - 2.3.3 Using Offline Repositories
- 2.4 Dependency Management
  - 2.4.1 APACK: Theory
  - 2.4.2 APACK: Installation
  - 2.4.3 APACK: Example
- 2.5 Branching
  - 2.5.1 Project Collaboration: Sharing Solutions
  - 2.5.2 Production Support
  - 2.5.3 Utopian Dream
- 2.6 abapGit for Customizing
- 2.7 Summary
3 New Language Features in ABAP
- 3.1 Declaring and Creating Variables
  - 3.1.1 Omitting Data Type Declarations
  - 3.1.2 Creating Objects Using NEW
  - 3.1.3 Filling Structures and Internal Tables while Creating Them Using VALUE
  - 3.1.4 Filling Internal Tables from Other Tables Using FOR
  - 3.1.5 Creating Short-Lived Variables Using LET
  - 3.1.6 Enumerations
  - 3.1.7 New Mathematical Operators
- 3.2 String Processing
- 3.3 Calling Functions
  - 3.3.1 Avoiding Type Mismatch Dumps when Calling Functions
  - 3.3.2 Using Constructor Operators to Convert Strings
  - 3.3.3 Functions Expecting TYPE REF TO DATA
- 3.4 Conditional Logic
  - 3.4.1 Omitting ABAP_TRUE
  - 3.4.2 Using XSDBOOL as a Workaround for BOOLC
  - 3.4.3 The SWITCH Statement as a Replacement for CASE
  - 3.4.4 The COND Statement as a Replacement for IF/ELSE
- 3.5 Internal Tables
  - 3.5.1 Table Work Areas
  - 3.5.2 Reading from a Table
  - 3.5.3 CORRESPONDING for Normal Internal Tables
  - 3.5.4 MOVE-CORRESPONDING for Internal Tables with Deep Structures
  - 3.5.5 Dynamic MOVE-CORRESPONDING
  - 3.5.6 New Functions for Common Internal Table Tasks
  - 3.5.7 Internal Table Queries with REDUCE
  - 3.5.8 Grouping Internal Tables
  - 3.5.9 Extracting One Table from Another
  - 3.5.10 Virtual Sorting of Internal Tables
- 3.6 Object-Oriented Programming
  - 3.6.1 Upcasting/Downcasting with CAST
  - 3.6.2 Finding the Subclass of an Object Instance
  - 3.6.3 CHANGING and EXPORTING Parameters
  - 3.6.4 Changes to Interfaces
- 3.7 Search Helps
  - 3.7.1 Predictive Search Helps
  - 3.7.2 Search Help in SE80
- 3.8 Assorted
  - 3.8.1 Unicode
  - 3.8.2 ABAP Language Versions
  - 3.8.3 Deprecation Concept
  - 3.8.4 Clean ABAP
- 3.9 Summary
4 Exception Classes and Design by Contract
- 4.1 Types of Exception Classes
  - 4.1.1 Static Check: Local or Nearby Handling
  - 4.1.2 Dynamic Check: Local or Nearby Handling
  - 4.1.3 No Check: Remote Handling
  - 4.1.4 Deciding Which Type of Exception Class to Use
- 4.2 Designing Exception Classes
  - 4.2.1 Creating the Exception
  - 4.2.2 Declaring the Exception
  - 4.2.3 Raising the Exception
  - 4.2.4 Cleaning Up after the Exception Is Raised
  - 4.2.5 Error Handling with RETRY and RESUME
- 4.3 Design by Contract
  - 4.3.1 Preconditions and Postconditions
  - 4.3.2 Class Invariants
  - 4.3.3 Handling Violations
- 4.4 Summary
5 ABAP Unit and Test-Driven Development
- 5.1 Eliminating Dependencies
  - 5.1.1 Identifying Dependencies
  - 5.1.2 Breaking Up Dependencies Using Test Seams
  - 5.1.3 Breaking Up Dependencies Properly
- 5.2 Implementing Test Doubles
  - 5.2.1 Test Injection for Test Seams
  - 5.2.2 Creating Test Doubles
  - 5.2.3 Injection: Good Method
  - 5.2.4 Injection: Better Method
- 5.3 Writing and Implementing Unit Tests
  - 5.3.1 Test-Driven Development
  - 5.3.2 Defining Test Classes
  - 5.3.3 Implementing Test Classes
- 5.4 Optimizing the Test Process
  - 5.4.1 Eclipse Support for the Unit Test Process
  - 5.4.2 ABAP Support for the Unit Test Process
  - 5.4.3 Test Double Framework
  - 5.4.4 ABAP Unit Authority Check
  - 5.4.5 Unit Tests with Massive Amounts of Data
  - 5.4.6 Combinatorial Test Design
- 5.5 Summary
6 Database Programming with SAP HANA
- 6.1 The Three Faces of Code Pushdown
- 6.2 ABAP SQL
  - 6.2.1 New Commands in ABAP SQL
  - 6.2.2 Creating while Reading
  - 6.2.3 Buffering Improvements
  - 6.2.4 INNER JOIN Improvements
  - 6.2.5 UNION
  - 6.2.6 Code Completion in SELECT Statements
  - 6.2.7 Filling a Database Table with Summarized Data
  - 6.2.8 Common Table Expressions
  - 6.2.9 IS INITIAL in SELECT Statements
  - 6.2.10 Stricter Syntax Check
  - 6.2.11 The Death of FOR ALL ENTRIES
  - 6.2.12 Unit Testing ABAP SQL Statements
- 6.3 CDS Views and CDS Entities
  - 6.3.1 Creating a CDS Entity in Eclipse
  - 6.3.2 Choosing an Entity Type
  - 6.3.3 Coding Annotations in the CDS Entity
  - 6.3.4 Adding Authority Checks to a CDS Entity
  - 6.3.5 Reading a CDS Entity from an ABAP Program
  - 6.3.6 Creating Special Types of CDS Entities
  - 6.3.7 Using Special CDS Entity Features
  - 6.3.8 Unit Testing CDS Entities
- 6.4 ABAP Managed Database Procedures
  - 6.4.1 Defining an AMDP in Eclipse
  - 6.4.2 Implementing AMDP in Eclipse
  - 6.4.3 Calling AMDP from an ABAP Program
  - 6.4.4 Calling AMDP from inside a CDS Entity
- 6.5 Locating and Pushing Down Code
  - 6.5.1 Finding Custom Code that Needs to Be Pushed Down
  - 6.5.2 Which Technique to Use to Push Code Down
  - 6.5.3 Example
- 6.6 Summary
7 Business Object Processing Framework
- 7.1 Manually Defining a Business Object
  - 7.1.1 Creating the Object
  - 7.1.2 Creating the Header (Root) Node
  - 7.1.3 Creating an Item Node
- 7.2 Automatically Defining a Business Object Based on a CDS View
- 7.3 Using BOPF to Write a Dynpro-Style Program
  - 7.3.1 Creating a Model Class
  - 7.3.2 Queries: Checking Object Existence
  - 7.3.3 Locking Objects
  - 7.3.4 Performing Authority Checks
  - 7.3.5 Determinations: Deriving Values from Other Values
  - 7.3.6 Validations: Checking Data Integrity
  - 7.3.7 Actions: Responding to User Input
  - 7.3.8 Saving to the Database
  - 7.3.9 Tracking Changes in BOPF Objects
- 7.4 Unit Testing BOPF Objects with BUnit
- 7.5 Using a Custom Interface (Wrapper)
- 7.6 Summary
8 Business Logic Using the ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model
- 8.1 ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model versus BOPF
  - 8.1.1 Business Definition Language
  - 8.1.2 Business Objects as First-Class Citizens
- 8.2 Coding Business Object CDS Entities
  - 8.2.1 Coding Data Definitions
  - 8.2.2 Coding CDS Projections
  - 8.2.3 Coding Metadata Extensions
- 8.3 Coding Behavior Definitions and Projections
- 8.4 Coding Behavior Implementations
  - 8.4.1 Creating a Behavior Class
  - 8.4.2 Creating or Changing Objects
  - 8.4.3 Locking Objects
  - 8.4.4 Performing Authority Checks
  - 8.4.5 Determinations: Deriving Values from Other Values
  - 8.4.6 Validations: Checking Data Integrity
  - 8.4.7 Actions: Responding to User Input
  - 8.4.8 Feature Control
  - 8.4.9 Saving the Changed Business Objects
  - 8.4.10 Tracking Changes in ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model Objects
- 8.5 Calling CRUD Operations from ABAP
- 8.6 Summary
9 Service Layer
- 9.1 What Is SAP Gateway?
- 9.2 Transaction SEGW Service Layer: Manual Creation
  - 9.2.1 Configuration
  - 9.2.2 Coding
- 9.3 Transaction SEGW Service Layer: Automatic Creation
  - 9.3.1 Creating an SAP Gateway Service by Pulling from a CDS View
  - 9.3.2 Creating an SAP Gateway Service by Pushing from a CDS View
- 9.4 ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model Service Layer: Manual Creation
  - 9.4.1 Creating a Service Definition
  - 9.4.2 Creating a Service Binding
  - 9.4.3 Creating Automated Unit Tests for the OData Service
- 9.5 ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model Service Layer: Automatic Creation
  - 9.5.1 Making Sure the RAP Generator Is Available in Your System
  - 9.5.2 Creating a JSON Configuration File
  - 9.5.3 Pressing a Big, Red Button
- 9.6 Summary
10 ALV SALV Reporting Framework
- 10.1 Getting Started
  - 10.1.1 Defining an SALV-Specific (Concrete) Class
  - 10.1.2 Coding a Program to Call a Report
- 10.2 Designing a Report Interface
  - 10.2.1 Report Flow Step 1: Creating a Container (Generic/Optional)
  - 10.2.2 Report Flow Step 2: Initializing a Report (Generic)
  - 10.2.3 Report Flow Step 3: Making Application-Specific Changes (Specific)
  - 10.2.4 Report Flow Step 4: Displaying the Report (Generic)
- 10.3 Adding Custom Command Icons with Programming
  - 10.3.1 Creating a Method to Automatically Create a Container
  - 10.3.2 Changing ZCL_BC_VIEW_SALV_TABLE to Fill the Container
  - 10.3.3 Changing the INITIALIZE Method
  - 10.3.4 Adding the Custom Commands to the Toolbar
  - 10.3.5 Sending User Commands from the Calling Program
  - 10.3.6 Adding Separators
- 10.4 Editing Data
  - 10.4.1 Creating a Custom Class to Hold the Standard SALV Model Class
  - 10.4.2 Changing the Initialization Method of ZCL_BC_VIEW_SALV_TABLE
  - 10.4.3 Adding a Method to Retrieve the Underlying Grid Object
  - 10.4.4 Changing the Calling Program
  - 10.4.5 Coding User Command Handling
- 10.5 Handling Large Amounts of Data with CL_SALV_GUI_TABLE_IDA
  - 10.5.1 Basic Example
  - 10.5.2 Complex Example
- 10.6 Open-Source Fast ALV Grid Object
- 10.7 Making SAP GUI Look Like SAP Fiori
- 10.8 Summary
11 ABAP2XLSX and Beyond
- 11.1 The Basics
  - 11.1.1 How XLSX Files Are Stored
  - 11.1.2 Downloading ABAP2XLSX
  - 11.1.3 Creating XLSX Files Using ABAP
- 11.2 Enhancing Custom Reports with ABAP2XLSX
  - 11.2.1 Converting an ALV to an Excel Object
  - 11.2.2 Changing Number and Text Formats
  - 11.2.3 Establishing Printer Settings
  - 11.2.4 Using Conditional Formatting
  - 11.2.5 Creating Spreadsheets with Multiple Worksheets
  - 11.2.6 Using Graphs and Pie Charts
  - 11.2.7 Embedding Macros
  - 11.2.8 Emailing the Result
  - 11.2.9 Adding Hyperlinks to SAP Transactions
- 11.3 Tips and Tricks
  - 11.3.1 Using the Enhancement Framework for Your Own Fixes
  - 11.3.2 Creating a Reusable Custom Framework
- 11.4 Beyond Spreadsheets: Microsoft Word Documents
  - 11.4.1 Installing the Tool
  - 11.4.2 Creating a Template
  - 11.4.3 Filling Out the Template Programmatically
- 11.5 Summary
12 Web Dynpro ABAP and Floorplan Manager
- 12.1 The Model-View-Controller Concept
  - 12.1.1 Model
  - 12.1.2 View
  - 12.1.3 Controller
- 12.2 Building the WDA Application
  - 12.2.1 Creating a Web Dynpro Component
  - 12.2.2 Declaring Data Structures for the Controller
  - 12.2.3 Establishing View Settings
  - 12.2.4 Defining the Windows
  - 12.2.5 Navigating between Views inside the Window
  - 12.2.6 Enabling the Application to be Called
- 12.3 Coding the WDA Application
  - 12.3.1 Linking the Controller to the Model
  - 12.3.2 Selecting Monster Records
  - 12.3.3 Navigating to the Single-Record View
- 12.4 Using Floorplan Manager to Create WDA Applications
  - 12.4.1 Creating an WDA Application using FPM Manually
  - 12.4.2 Creating a WDA Application Using FPM via BOPF Integration
- 12.5 Unit Testing WDA Applications
- 12.6 Making WDA Look Like SAP Fiori
  - 12.6.1 Enabling SAP Fiori in WDA via Classic Configuration
  - 12.6.2 Enabling SAP Fiori in WDA via New Customizing UI
- 12.7 Touch Enablement of WDA Applications
- 12.8 Summary
13 SAPUI5
- 13.1 Basics
  - 13.1.1 What Is SAPUI5?
  - 13.1.2 SAPUI5 versus SAP Fiori
- 13.2 Modern IDEs
  - 13.2.1 VS Code
  - 13.2.2 SAP Business Application Studio
- 13.3 Creating an SAPUI5 Application Manually
  - 13.3.1 VS Code
  - 13.3.2 SAP Business Application Studio
- 13.4 Creating an SAPUI5 Application Automatically
  - 13.4.1 VS Code
  - 13.4.2 SAP Business Application Studio
- 13.5 Extension Tools
  - 13.5.1 Guided Development
  - 13.5.2 Adding Elements with OpenUI5
- 13.6 Importing SAPUI5 Applications into SAP ERP
  - 13.6.1 Storing the Application inside SAP
  - 13.6.2 Testing the SAPUI5 Application from within SAP ERP
- 13.7 Unit Testing SAPUI5 Applications
  - 13.7.1 ESLint
  - 13.7.2 QUnit
  - 13.7.3 OPA
  - 13.7.4 Gherkin
  - 13.7.5 UIVeri5 and the Test Recorder
- 13.8 Summary
14 ABAP Channels
- 14.1 General Concepts
  - 14.1.1 ABAP Messaging Channels
  - 14.1.2 ABAP Push Channels
  - 14.1.3 ABAP Daemons
- 14.2 ABAP Messaging Channels: SAP GUI Example
  - 14.2.1 Coding the Sending Application
  - 14.2.2 Coding the Receiving Application
  - 14.2.3 Watching the Applications Communicate
- 14.3 ABAP Push Channels: SAPUI5 Example
  - 14.3.1 Coding the Receiving (Backend) Components
  - 14.3.2 Coding the Sending (Frontend) Application
- 14.4 Internet of Things Relevance
- 14.5 Summary
Conclusion
The Author
Index

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ABAP to the Future

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Brand: SAP
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