Blockchain - The Comprehensive Guide to Blockchain Development, Ethereum, Solidity, and Smart Contracts

Multilingual Book

🇺🇸 English (Original) 🇪🇸 Spanish (Translation)

✅ All languages are included in your purchase

Publisher SAP PRESS

Year / Edition 2024 / 1

Pages 654

Authors Tobias Fertig, Andreas Schütz

Blockchain

Demystify the blockchain—and learn how to use it—with this practical guide. Start from the ground up: What is Ethereum? What is Solidity? And how are they used to create smart contracts? Then see how to implement your own blockchain, including configuring a peer-to-peer network, managing miner accounts, and more. Follow step-by-step instructions and detailed code examples to develop smart contracts and dApps. Work with cutting-edge technologies such as Bitcoin, DeFi, NFTs, and more. Welcome to the world of blockchain!

Master blockchain fundamentals and implement applications on the Ethereum network
Develop smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps) with Solidity
Test, debug, and secure your blockchain applications

You'll learn about:

Blockchain Basics:
You’ve heard the hype around Bitcoin, NFTs, and crypto mining. But how does the underlying blockchain technology work? Understand the fundamentals of the distributed ledger, and learn how to create and manage your own blockchain.
Application Development:
Master smart contracts, from programming with Solidity to testing, debugging, deployment, and beyond. Develop decentralized applications (dApps) and expand them into a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) by implementing a frontend with ethers.js.
Tips from the Experts:
Follow guidance from experienced blockchain programmers. Use commented code examples as templates for your projects to get started building your own blockchain and smart contracts in the real world.

Key Highlights:

Blockchain basics and creation
Smart contracts and dApps
Development with Solidity
Testing, debugging, and security
Web APIs
Peer-to-peer frameworks
Accounts and balances
Transaction and block verification
Gas optimization
Decentralized finance (DeFi)
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs)
Yul and Huff contracts

View Full Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
1 Introduction
- 1.1 What Is Blockchain?
  - 1.1.1 Challenges of the Internet
  - 1.1.2 The Blockchain
  - 1.1.3 The Blockchain as a Problem Solver
- 1.2 History of Blockchain
  - 1.2.1 Pioneers of Blockchain
  - 1.2.2 Bitcoin
  - 1.2.3 Altcoins
  - 1.2.4 Blockchain 2.0
  - 1.2.5 The Present and the Future
- 1.3 Application of Blockchain Technology
  - 1.3.1 Decision Criteria for the Blockchain
  - 1.3.2 Blockchain Variants
  - 1.3.3 Industries with Blockchain Potential
  - 1.3.4 Real-Life Examples of Blockchain Applications
- 1.4 Summary
2 The Basics: How Blockchain Works
- 2.1 Cryptography Basics
  - 2.1.1 Introduction to Cryptography
  - 2.1.2 Elliptic Curve Cryptography
  - 2.1.3 Cryptographic Hash Functions
- 2.2 The Blockchain
  - 2.2.1 Transactions
  - 2.2.2 From Block to Blockchain
  - 2.2.3 The Blockchain System
  - 2.2.4 Evolution of the Bitcoin Blockchain
- 2.3 Alternative Consensus Models
  - 2.3.1 Proof-of-Stake
  - 2.3.2 Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance
  - 2.3.3 Proof-of-Activity
  - 2.3.4 Proof-of-Importance
  - 2.3.5 Proof-of-Authority
  - 2.3.6 Proof-of-Reputation
  - 2.3.7 Proof-of-Capacity or Proof-of-Space
  - 2.3.8 Proof-of-Elapsed-Time
  - 2.3.9 Proof-of-Burn
- 2.4 Blockchain Security
  - 2.4.1 Blockchain and Information Security
  - 2.4.2 Attack Scenarios
- 2.5 Summary
3 Ethereum: Blockchain 2.0
- 3.1 Basics of Ethereum
  - 3.1.1 State Machine
  - 3.1.2 Merkle Patricia Trie
  - 3.1.3 Accounts and State Trie
  - 3.1.4 Transactions and the Transaction Trie
  - 3.1.5 Receipts and Receipts Trie
- 3.2 From Blocks to Blockchain 2.0
  - 3.2.1 Execution Payload and Execution Payload Header
  - 3.2.2 Beacon Block Body
  - 3.2.3 Beacon Block and Beacon Block Header
- 3.3 The Blockchain System 2.0
  - 3.3.1 The Node
  - 3.3.2 The Ethereum Virtual Machine
  - 3.3.3 The Network
  - 3.3.4 Proof-of-Stake: The Consensus Mechanism
- 3.4 Further Development of the Ethereum Platform
  - 3.4.1 Vulnerabilities and Problems
  - 3.4.2 Additional Services: Swarm and Ethereum Name Service
  - 3.4.3 Layer 2: Bringing Ethereum to the Next Level
  - 3.4.4 Danksharding: A Scalable Future
  - 3.4.5 Is the Future Stateless?
- 3.5 Summary
4 Fundamentals of Creating Your Own Blockchain
- 4.1 Transactions: The Smallest Units of a Blockchain
- 4.2 Block Header: Calculating the Block ID
- 4.3 Chaining Blocks
- 4.4 Storing the Blockchain State Persistently
- 4.5 The Genesis Block: Initializing a Blockchain
- 4.6 Pending Transactions
- 4.7 The Difficulty of a Blockchain
- 4.8 Let’s Mine: The Miner Thread
- 4.9 Summary and Outlook
5 Implementing a Web API for the Blockchain
- 5.1 The Endpoints of the Web API
  - 5.1.1 Implementing the Endpoint for Blocks
  - 5.1.2 Implementing the Endpoint for Transactions
- 5.2 Deploying the Web API
  - 5.2.1 Creating the Configuration for Resources
  - 5.2.2 Preparing an Embedded Tomcat Server
  - 5.2.3 Verifying the JSON Representations
- 5.3 Sending Transactions via a Web Interface
- 5.4 Implementing Your Own Block Explorer
  - 5.4.1 Exploring Transactions
  - 5.4.2 Exploring Blocks
  - 5.4.3 Implementing a Landing Page with Search Bar
- 5.5 Summary and Outlook
6 Implementing a Peer-to-Peer Network
- 6.1 Configuration of the Peer-to-Peer Framework
- 6.2 Broadcasting Transactions to the Network
- 6.3 Broadcasting Blocks to the Network
- 6.4 The Longest Chain Rule
  - 6.4.1 Storing and Switching Chain Forks
  - 6.4.2 Synchronizing Pending Transactions after Switching Chains
- 6.5 Adding New Nodes to the Network
- 6.6 Summary and Outlook
7 Introducing Accounts and Balances
- 7.1 Rewarding Miners
  - 7.1.1 Assigning Accounts to Miners
  - 7.1.2 Storing Accounts Persistently
  - 7.1.3 Assigning Miners to Blocks
- 7.2 Managing Accounts
  - 7.2.1 Storing Accounts
  - 7.2.2 Initializing and Updating Accounts
  - 7.2.3 Providing Account Data via the Web API
- 7.3 Integrating Accounts
- 7.4 Integrating Accounts into the Block Explorer
  - 7.4.1 Account Lookup via Block Explorer
  - 7.4.2 Generating Accounts via a Web Client
  - 7.4.3 Linking and Searching Accounts via the Block Explorer
- 7.5 Summary and Outlook
8 Implementing Verification and Optimizations
- 8.1 Signing Transactions
  - 8.1.1 Introducing Digital Signatures to the Web Client
  - 8.1.2 Supporting Digital Signatures in the Backend
- 8.2 Enforcing Constraints
  - 8.2.1 Verifying Transactions
  - 8.2.2 Verifying Blocks
- 8.3 Locking and Unlocking Balances
- 8.4 Optimizing Performance via Merkle Trees
  - 8.4.1 Creating the Structure of a Merkle Tree
  - 8.4.2 Using the Merkle Tree via the Web API
- 8.5 Optimizing Storage by Shortening the Public Keys
- 8.6 Supporting Initial Balances in the Genesis Block
- 8.7 Additional Optimizations
- 8.8 Summary and Outlook
9 Smart Contract Development
- 9.1 Smart Contract Basics
- 9.2 Simple Smart Contracts with Bitcoin Script
  - 9.2.1 Introduction to Bitcoin Script
  - 9.2.2 Smart Contracts with Bitcoin Script
  - 9.2.3 Higher Programming Languages for Bitcoin
- 9.3 Advanced Smart Contracts
  - 9.3.1 Bitcoin Extensions
  - 9.3.2 Smart Contracts with Ethereum
- 9.4 Contract-Oriented Programming
  - 9.4.1 Similarities to and Differences from Object-Oriented Programming
  - 9.4.2 Developing Meaningful Contracts
  - 9.4.3 Composability of Smart Contracts
- 9.5 The Challenge of Random Number Generators
  - 9.5.1 Using Block Variables
  - 9.5.2 Using Sequential Numbers
  - 9.5.3 Using Two-Stage Lotteries
  - 9.5.4 Determining Randomness Off-Chain
- 9.6 Trusting Off-Chain Data
- 9.7 Time Dependencies
  - 9.7.1 Checking Time Dependencies via the Block Time
  - 9.7.2 Using Off-Chain Services
- 9.8 Summary and Outlook
10 Integrated Development Environments and Frameworks
- 10.1 Integrated Development Environments
  - 10.1.1 Remix: The Official IDE
  - 10.1.2 ChainIDE: A Cloud-Based, Multichain IDE
  - 10.1.3 Tenderly Sandbox: An IDE for Fast Prototyping
  - 10.1.4 Additional Web-Based IDEs
  - 10.1.5 Desktop IDEs
  - 10.1.6 Choosing Your IDE
- 10.2 Contract-Oriented Frameworks
  - 10.2.1 The Truffle Suite
  - 10.2.2 The Hardhat Development Environment
  - 10.2.3 The Modular Toolkit Foundry
  - 10.2.4 Local Blockchain Nodes
  - 10.2.5 Choosing Your Framework
- 10.3 Summary and Outlook
11 An Introduction to Solidity
- 11.1 The Basics of Solidity
  - 11.1.1 Structure of a Source File
  - 11.1.2 Creating Your First Smart Contract
  - 11.1.3 Deploying Your First Smart Contract Locally
- 11.2 Elements and Data Locations of a Contract
  - 11.2.1 Understanding Data Locations
  - 11.2.2 Specifying Visibility in Solidity
  - 11.2.3 Using and Defining Modifiers
  - 11.2.4 Declaring and Initializing State Variables
  - 11.2.5 Creating and Destroying Contracts
  - 11.2.6 Implementing Functions
  - 11.2.7 Defining and Using Events for Logging
- 11.3 Available Data Types
  - 11.3.1 Using Primitive Data Types
  - 11.3.2 Defining Addresses
  - 11.3.3 Creating and Using Arrays
  - 11.3.4 Multidimensional Arrays and Their Limitations
  - 11.3.5 Defining Structs and Enums
  - 11.3.6 Understanding Mappings
  - 11.3.7 Defining Storage Pointers as Function Parameters
  - 11.3.8 Using Functions as Variables
- 11.4 Additional Features of Solidity
  - 11.4.1 Understanding L-Values
  - 11.4.2 Deleting Variables and Freeing Storage
  - 11.4.3 Converting Elementary Data Types to Each Other
  - 11.4.4 Utilizing Type Inference
  - 11.4.5 The Fallback and Receive Functions
  - 11.4.6 Checked versus Unchecked Arithmetic
  - 11.4.7 Error Handling with Assert, Require, Revert, and Exceptions
- 11.5 Creating Inheritance Hierarchies of Smart Contracts
  - 11.5.1 How Does Contract Inheritance Work?
  - 11.5.2 Using Abstract Contracts
  - 11.5.3 Defining Interfaces in Solidity
  - 11.5.4 Applying Polymorphism Correctly
  - 11.5.5 Overloading Functions
- 11.6 Creating and Using Libraries
  - 11.6.1 Implementing Your Own Library
  - 11.6.2 Using Libraries in Contracts
  - 11.6.3 Extending Data Types with Libraries
- 11.7 Summary and Outlook
12 Digging Deeper into Solidity
- 12.1 Low-Level Functions in Solidity
  - 12.1.1 Low-Level Functions for Address Payable
  - 12.1.2 Low-Level Functions for Any Address Type
- 12.2 Using Assembly in Solidity Smart Contracts
  - 12.2.1 Applying Inline Assembly
  - 12.2.2 Transient Storage Opcodes
  - 12.2.3 Accessing Variables in Inline Assembly
  - 12.2.4 Using the Functional Style for Inline Assembly
  - 12.2.5 Using Instructions for Inline Assembly
  - 12.2.6 The Yul Intermediate Language
- 12.3 Internal Layouts of Data Locations
  - 12.3.1 Internal Layout in Storage
  - 12.3.2 Internal Layout in Memory
  - 12.3.3 Internal Layout in Calldata
- 12.4 Understanding the Contract ABI
- 12.5 Understanding the Bytecode Representation of Smart Contracts
- 12.6 Summary and Outlook
13 Testing and Debugging Smart Contracts
- 13.1 Testing Contracts with Remix
  - 13.1.1 Writing and Running Solidity-Based Unit Tests in Remix
  - 13.1.2 Writing and Running JavaScript-Based Unit Tests in Remix
  - 13.1.3 Using the Command Line Interface for Remix Tests
- 13.2 Implementing Tests with Foundry
  - 13.2.1 Writing Common Unit Tests
  - 13.2.2 Using Cheatcodes in Foundry
- 13.3 Implementing Tests with Hardhat
- 13.4 Debugging Smart Contracts
  - 13.4.1 Debugging Contracts in Remix
  - 13.4.2 Debugging Contracts in Foundry
- 13.5 Fork Testing Ethereum-Based Chains
- 13.6 Summary and Outlook
14 Understanding and Optimizing Gas Costs
- 14.1 Understanding Gas Costs in Ethereum
- 14.2 Understanding the Compiler Optimizer
- 14.3 Basic Guidelines for Gas Optimization
- 14.4 Optimizations Derived from Traditional Efficiency Rules
- 14.5 Advanced Gas Optimization
- 14.6 Expert Gas Optimizations
  - 14.6.1 Use Access Lists
  - 14.6.2 Implement Input Compression
  - 14.6.3 Write Yul or Huff Contracts
- 14.7 Additional Optimizations for Different Use Cases
- 14.8 Helpful Tools for Gas Optimizations
- 14.9 Summary and Outlook
15 Protecting and Securing Smart Contracts
- 15.1 General Security Recommendations
  - 15.1.1 Specify Visibilities Explicitly
  - 15.1.2 Define Constructors Only Through the Keyword
  - 15.1.3 Always Initialize Storage Pointers
  - 15.1.4 Keep Race Conditions in Mind
  - 15.1.5 Check Return Values of Low-Level Functions
  - 15.1.6 Consider Manipulations by Miners
  - 15.1.7 Don’t Expose Data
  - 15.1.8 Stay Up to Date with the Smart Contract Security Field Guide
- 15.2 Example Attacks on Smart Contracts
  - 15.2.1 Smuggling Ether into Contracts
  - 15.2.2 Handling Arithmetic Overflows and Underflows
  - 15.2.3 Manipulating State with Delegate Calls
  - 15.2.4 Performing Reentrancy Attacks
  - 15.2.5 Performing Denial-of-Service Attacks
  - 15.2.6 Beware of Gas-Siphoning Attacks
  - 15.2.7 Exploiting ABI Hash Collisions
  - 15.2.8 Beware of Griefing Attacks
- 15.3 Auditing Smart Contracts via Slither
- 15.4 Summary and Outlook
16 Deploying and Managing Smart Contracts
- 16.1 Setting Up MetaMask and Using Accounts
- 16.2 Deploying Contracts with Remix and MetaMask
- 16.3 Deploying Contracts with Foundry
- 16.4 Deploying Contracts with Hardhat
- 16.5 Publishing and Verifying Code on Etherscan
- 16.6 Setting Up and Running Your Own Ethereum Node
- 16.7 Managing Contracts after Deployment
  - 16.7.1 Managing Contracts via Remix
  - 16.7.2 Managing Contracts via Foundry and Hardhat
- 16.8 Summary and Outlook
17 Standards, Libraries, and Design Patterns
- 17.1 ERC-173 Contract Ownership Standard
  - 17.1.1 Motivations
  - 17.1.2 Specifications
  - 17.1.3 Implementations
- 17.2 ERC-165 Standardized Interface Detection
  - 17.2.1 Motivations
  - 17.2.2 Specifications
  - 17.2.3 Implementations
- 17.3 ERC-20 Token Standard
  - 17.3.1 Motivations
  - 17.3.2 Specifications
  - 17.3.3 Implementations
- 17.4 ERC-777 Token Standard
  - 17.4.1 Motivations
  - 17.4.2 Specifications
  - 17.4.3 Implementations
- 17.5 ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard
  - 17.5.1 Motivations
  - 17.5.2 Specifications
  - 17.5.3 Implementations
- 17.6 ERC-1155 Multi-Token Standard
  - 17.6.1 Motivations
  - 17.6.2 Specifications
  - 17.6.3 Implementations
- 17.7 Using OpenZeppelin Libraries
- 17.8 The Publish-Subscribe Design Pattern
  - 17.8.1 Understanding the Structure of the Publish-Subscribe Pattern
  - 17.8.2 Implementing the Publish-Subscribe Pattern
- 17.9 The Checks-Effects-Interactions Pattern
- 17.10 Summary and Outlook
18 Upgrading Smart Contracts
- 18.1 Basics of Upgrade Mechanisms
- 18.2 Performing Contract Migrations
  - 18.2.1 Recovering and Preparing Data for Migrations
  - 18.2.2 Writing Data and Initializing the State of the New Contract
  - 18.2.3 Migrating an ERC-20 Token Contract as an Example
- 18.3 Separation of Data and Business Logic
- 18.4 The Proxy Pattern
- 18.5 The Diamonds Pattern
- 18.6 Additional Mechanisms and Considerations
- 18.7 The Metamorphic Smart Contract Exploit
- 18.8 Summary and Outlook
19 Developing Decentralized Applications
- 19.1 What Is a Decentralized Application?
- 19.2 The Development Process for a DApp
- 19.3 Developing the Smart Contracts of Your First DApp
- 19.4 Developing the Off-Chain Elements of Your First DApp
- 19.5 Hosting the Frontend of Your First DApp in a Decentralized Manner
- 19.6 Setting Up ENS Domains
  - 19.6.1 Introduction to ENS Domains
  - 19.6.2 Registering an ENS Domain
  - 19.6.3 Linking an ENS Domain to an IPFS Content Hash
- 19.7 Summary and Outlook
20 Upgrading Your First DApp to a DAO
- 20.1 What Is a Decentralized Autonomous Organization?
- 20.2 Implementing a Governance Contract for Your DAO
- 20.3 Implementing the Frontend with Vue.js and Ethers.js
  - 20.3.1 Introduction to Ethers.js
  - 20.3.2 Implementing a Vue Frontend with Components
  - 20.3.3 Additional Features of Ethers.js
- 20.4 Ideas for Additional Backend and Oracle Services
- 20.5 Deploying Your DApp and Assigning an ENS Domain
- 20.6 Additional Frameworks, Tools, and Libraries
- 20.7 Summary and Outlook
21 Reverse Engineering Smart Contracts
- 21.1 Why Reverse Engineer?
- 21.2 Manual Reverse Engineering
- 21.3 Manual Recovery of a Contract ABI
- 21.4 Tools for Reverse Engineering Smart Contracts
- 21.5 Summary and Outlook
22 Additional Contract-Oriented Programming Languages
- 22.1 Yul: The Intermediate Language for Different Backends
  - 22.1.1 Implementing Yul Contracts
  - 22.1.2 Compiling Yul Contracts
  - 22.1.3 Deploying Yul Contracts
  - 22.1.4 Testing Yul Contracts
- 22.2 Huff: Highly Optimized Smart Contracts
  - 22.2.1 Implementing Huff Contracts
  - 22.2.2 Compiling Huff Contracts
  - 22.2.3 Deploying Huff Contracts
  - 22.2.4 Testing Huff Contracts
- 22.3 Vyper: Smart Contracts for Everyone?
  - 22.3.1 Goals of Vyper
  - 22.3.2 Limitations of Vyper
  - 22.3.3 The Syntax of Vyper
  - 22.3.4 The Development Cycle
- 22.4 Comparison of Gas Costs
- 22.5 Summary and Outlook
23 Applying Blockchain Technologies
- 23.1 Decentralized Finance
  - 23.1.1 Decentralized Finance Use Cases
  - 23.1.2 Decentralized Exchanges
- 23.2 Developing and Minting NFTs
  - 23.2.1 Creating NFTs on OpenSea
  - 23.2.2 Generating Huge NFT Collections
- 23.3 Ethereum Layer 2 Solutions
  - 23.3.1 Arbitrum
  - 23.3.2 Optimism
- 23.4 Other Blockchain 2.0 Projects
  - 23.4.1 Solana
  - 23.4.2 Avalanche
- 23.5 A Different Blockchain Approach: Ripple
  - 23.5.1 The Idea of Ripple
  - 23.5.2 The Ledger and the Network
- 23.6 Summary
Appendices
- A Bibliography
- B The Authors
Index

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Home > SAP Books > Multilingual Books > Blockchain - The Comprehensive Guide to Blockchain Development, Ethereum, Solidity, and Smart Contracts

Blockchain - The Comprehensive Guide to Blockchain Development, Ethereum, Solidity, and Smart Contracts

Name: Blockchain - The Comprehensive Guide to Blockchain Development, Ethereum, Solidity, and Smart Contracts
Brand: SAP
SKU: BOOK-SAPPRESS-EBOOK-2024-9781493225149
Availability: InStock

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